Chapitre 6. El Principio de Precaución. Estado de la Situación en el Derecho Argentino.

The purpose of this article is to report the legal regulation and the main judicial decisions relating to the precautionary principle. In the Argentine system, unlike prevention, precaution did not enter in the new civil and commercial code as a principle applicable in any sector. It is expressly regulated in environmental matters and a group of authors extend it to other cases in which collective or diffuse interests exist. From a procedural perspective, caution has led to changes in the requirements of traditional legal instruments. The jurisprudence of all instances, including that of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, shows that the configuration of the precautionary principle is still under construction.

[Chapter 1. Inter-American Court of Human Rights standards on women's rights]. / Chapitre 1. Estándares de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos sobre derechos de las mujeres.

The analysis of the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights is proof of its importance as an instrument for the protection of the rights of women in a situation of vulnerability. Sentences to the various countries denounced have served to combat stereotypes, even though gender-based violence does not yet find effective methods.

Una sentencia brasileña con visión de género / A brazilian sentence with gender perspective

Este artículo analiza el voto particular de Luis Roberto Barroso, juez del Superior Tribunal de Justicia de Brasil, frente al Habeas Corpus 124.306 de la sala I del Superior Tribunal de Justicia de Brasil (29/11/2016). Barroso argumenta que penalizar la interrupción del embarazo, consentida por la mujer, practicada en los tres primeros meses de gestación, viola derechos fundamentales establecidos en la Constitución de Brasil y en las Convenciones Internacionales de Derechos Humanos. Este artículo sostiene que esta penalización no sólo perjudica al litigante, sino que profundiza el desprestigio del sistema de justicia (AU)

This article analyzes the dissenting opinion of Luis Roberto Barroso, judge of the Supreme Federal Court of Brazil, on the Habeas Corpus 124.306 of Courtroom I of the Supreme Federal Court of Brazil (29/11/2016). Barroso argues that penalizing the voluntary end of pregnancy, consented by the woman and practiced during the first three months of pregnancy, violates fundamental rights established by Brazilian Constitution and International Conventions of Human Rights. The paper maintained that this penalization not only harms the litigant, but also deepens the discredit of the justice system (AU)

[Precautionary principle. State of the situation in Argentina]. / Chapitre 3. El principio de precaución. Estado de situación en el derecho Argentino.

The new Argentine Civil and Commercial Code includes the prevention principle. The precautionary Principle is regulated by the Environmental Protection Act.A significant number of cases have reached the Supreme Court of the Nation. This Court, in general, estimates that the decisions concerning the precautionary principle have definitive nature, i.e., are not merely provisional. Usually, the situation is caused by the State itself, which fails to control. The different decisions show a Judiciary worried about protecting the environment.

La categoría jurídica "sujeto/objeto" y su insuficiencia respecto de los animales. Especial referencia a los animales usados en laboratorios / No disponible

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[Conflict of interest and bioethics]. / Conflicto de intereses y bioética.

"Conflicts of interests" is a multi-meaning expression. To give a juridical concept is not easy because this concept is applied in public and private law. Maybe this is the reason of not having a law giving a valid definition in any case In health area, a conflict of interests is present many times, i.e. at the beginning of a research, when informing its results, etc. This conflict of interests may affect different aspects of the research work, economic or not; sometimes totally or partially. The economic resources is one of the most common reasons of the conflict of interests. The mass media often cause conflicts of interests informing the general public about new scientific discovery in a simple way to be understood but without been quite assertive. Other times, great enterprises hide information about new and better medicines due to the fact that they have many old medicines that should be sold before introducing in the market the new ones. From the academic point of view, conflicts may arise when the public funds are wrongly used to support unworthy researches.

La mirada legal: el estatuto del embrión no implantado / The legal look: the status of the embryo not implemented

En este artículo se analiza la doctrina nacional de la República Argentina en relación al Proyecto de Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación, en particular en relación con la naturaleza jurídica del embrión no implantado y, consecuentemente, la regulación de la filiación que tiene por origen la reproducción humana asistida. Desde que, en 2012, la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos ha indicado que la existencia de la persona humana comienza con la implantación del embrión y, por ende, el embrión no implantado no es persona humana, los Estados que han ratificado la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos deben seguir estos lineamientos. Por otra parte, se suma al análisis la articulación con la accesibilidad a las tecnologías de reproducción humana asistida, ya que el ordenamiento jurídico debe respetar la libertad reproductiva de todas las personas, las que están a favor o en contra de la FIV; y quienes tengan un posicionamiento contrario a estas prácticas, tienen la libertad de no realizarlas

This article analyzes the national doctrine of the Argentine Republic in relation to the National Civic and Commercial Code Project, particularly with regard to the legal nature of the non-implanted embryo, and consequently the affiliation act which is the result of assisted human reproduction. Since 2012, when the Inter-American Court of Human Rights determined that the existence of a human being starts with the implantation of the embryo, the non-implanted embryo is therefore not a human person; the countries that have ratified the American Convention of Human Rights must follow these guidelines. Also included in the analysis, is the articulation with access to assisted human reproduction technologies, as the legal system must respect the reproductive freedom of all persons, whether or not they are in favor of IVF; and those whose positions are contrary to these practices, have the freedom to abstain